Research update, week of Nov 12, 2o18

So, what am I working on these days?

Last week I finished extracting the people & communities (and a few other entires here and there) from the Utopia & Utopians: An Historical Dictionary (Trahair) and The A to Z of Utopianism (Morris & Kross) into my Heurist database. This took me about a month. It included:

• Making pages for the people 
• Making pages for the communities
• Making pages for the philosophies/religions, organizations, etc
• Making pages for the sources
• Creating & constantly tweaking the templates for each page, creating fields for the information I wanted to record, moving the info around the pages, making fields that connect to other pages and thus building relationships between them.
• Copy/pasting the blurbs form each of the (e)books into the correct pages
• Filling out the basic fields, including all the ones in relationships with other pages. 
• Often but not always copying the pertinent lines from the dictionary blurbs into the correct field sections (i.e. “Early life” or “marriage” or “community life,” etc)

I’m pleased with how many pages I have in there now (318 communities, 411 people, 118 philosophies/religions, etc) and I ran my first network connection graphing… thing… to see how all these were connected (as this was a major reason I chose this software for my research)— and was surprised at how many entires had no connections at all, so then I spent a day or few last week going back through and checking for/adding connections— plenty more work to do there, particularly in future research in general, but I assume some from the copy/pasted blurbs that I haven’t gone through properly yet, too. 

Monday I had a combined 5 hours of bus/train/lyft commenting to get to a doctor’s appointment, and I took the book Fruitlands: The Alcott Family and Their Search for Utopia. I was trying not to mark it up too much, but I was unsuccessful. The marking is excessive— just so many things to add to the Fruitlands, Amos Bronson Alcott & Charles Lane pages, but also to the pages of so many people he’s has been in connection with so far, and I’m barely into chapter 2! 

The internet is currently still down at my house and I’m actually very much looking forward to getting it back largely so I can add some of this new information to the pages for these folks, most of who I already had, but not all! This is an actual paper book, so let’s hope I am able to moderate myself so I don’t spend a year just retyping nearly the whole thing! It’s hard to know what I’ll want to know later at this stage of my research, though, as I’m still very much in the information-collection phase, with only vague ideas of what I want to write about in the future, so I'm basically saving everything that could maybe even possibly be useful in the future.

Speaking of, maybe I should write some of that out to help me start figuring out where I’ll want to go with all this first. 

So. Topics I’m interested in writing about at the moment:

• Women in Utopia. Individuals in particular. For how women’s-rights-centric so many of these Utopian communities were, it’s interesting just how heavily male the well known of this group skews. Certainly Marie Stevens Howland, who I started researching in particular earlier this year, before deciding to expand my research at this stage so I could have more context for her life. Charlotte Perkins Gilman as well, though she’s not really a part of this crowd— she lived in a communal home in NYC as a teenager and LOATHED it, but Its actually her work in the cooperative housekeeping movement that lead me into researching these utopian communities too. To a small extent I almost consider my utopian research as background to my future work on the cooperative housekeeping movement (of the past, and how we  should bring it back in the present/future). 
• I’ve come across quite a few women in my research so far that there seems to be nothing (or next to it) done on them, and I would really love to flesh out some of their lives as well. 1. I want to get more of these interesting women on wikipedia, with good pages! 2. I’d like to write papers about them, get their name out to the wider Utopian Studies/American history communities 3. Wouldn’t it be nice if I could turn them into a book? Maybe if I can find some coherent strings between a few of them I could make a group biography (which I love to read) or few. 

• Alcander Longley. I keep finding him mentioned all around, and he started 5 communities (all which failed rather quickly) in Missouri, but I haven’t found much work done on him specifically somehow. 
• Before he started his communities he seems to have lived in/visited a few. Seems like a good story there! The reader could experience the different communities through his eyes and see how they influenced him and then watch as he kept trying, and failing, to make his own successful communities. 
• A.J. Macdonald. I haven’t looked into this yet, but I’d be interested to see how much work has been done on him. As someone who travelled to most of the still-known communities and met all the big names, he could be a great subject for a book project…
• Josiah Warren & Modern Times. There has certainly been work done on him, but no modern work aimed at a general audience. I have some friends who consider themselves anarchists so I think it’d be interesting to share the story of the “first American anarchist” with them. 
• Josiah the person is very interesting. A quiet, introverted inventor, musician and publisher who lived at New Harmony and knew Robert Owen, only to turn Anarchist instead and make the nation’s first anarchist paper and a string of the first anarchist communities, utilizing his concepts of Equitable Commerce and the Time Store (which might be of interest to those who are involved with Time Banking these days, as well). Plus he’s connected with the always colorful Stephen Pearl Andrews.
• The Women’s Commonwealth- I was shocked to find this only when combing through the utopian dictionaries. An community of women who largely all left their husbands and raised their children communally seems like a pretty notable thing, so how had I not come across it before? I just did a quick google scholar search and there are certainly some writings about it, but they’re all pretty dated. Perhaps I can bring them back into the modern Utopia discussions! They weren’t, as far as I know now, trying to make a template for the rest of society to follow as is my current definition of utopian societies, but the gender dynamics might be important enough to override that and make it worth bringing back into the discussion. 
• Urban Utopian communities. Most were rural, and most failed because no one knew what they were doing (among other reasons, especially fire), but there were at least a few Urban experiments that didn’t rely on agriculture (like Unity House). What are the stories there? What worked/didn’t work? This could be of particular relevance to folks in modern co-housing communities. 

Now that I have the basis of my research database done (though plenty of work is needed to tidy up the pages!) I feel like I have a few options as what to do next. 

1. Go through and tidy up the pages A-Z. Make sure the right quotes from the abstracts are in the right text boxes, make sure all the connections are there— make it generally “presentable” (though I have no intention of sharing it with anyone else anytime soon, but I do intend on using these pages to create (or flesh out) the wiki pages for those that don’t have them (or robust pages) yet. Tidying up the pages would help with that a lot
1. After that I could actually start editing their Wiki pages. It’d be good writing practice for me, but I don’t currently know how to do all the wiki-specific coding, so that would take some time to learn, I imagine, and I’m not sure the easiest way to do that at the moment. 
2. Add the info from the Fruitlands book, and tidy up those pages as I go. 
1. I could then go back through and add the notes I took while reading books on Marie Stevens Howland (I still haven’t finished that one), Stephen Pearl Andrews, and Josiah Warren as well. But I’ll have to hunt those things down, as that was about 8 months and 3(!) houses ago (it’s been a rather hard year). 
2. OR I could then just double down on reading this book & extracting all the info and work on these related pages specifically, so as to stay on a specific topic for a while. I could then focus my readings on the People/Places/Things/Ideas related to that for a while. 
3. OR… I could finish doing the thing which I had somehow forgotten I am already in the middle of doing right now (weekends confuse me, apparently), which is to continue going through John Humphrey Noyes’s book (which is mostly work of A.J. MacDonald) and extracting the info of all the communities there into the database. 

Whoops, I can’t believe I forgot I was already doing that! SMH. Ah well. It probably won’t take but a few days, and then I’ll be at this point, anyway. 

So, what should my next steps be? (I’m writing it out in order to figure it out) Perhaps this:

1. Finish extracting the info from the Noyes book (History of American Socialisms)
2. Extract the info I’ve read in the Fruitlands book already, but perhaps leave it for now as a “I’m going somewhere and I need a book to read” book.
3. Read this paper I just downloaded on my phone & extract the info: “The Woman’s Commonwealth: A Study in the Coalescence of Social Forms”
4. Contact the writer of the 2008 Masters Thesis @ MSU, “The Communist and the Altruist: Alcander Longley’s Newspapers and Communities” and ask if I could have a copy. 

And then I can go from there!

Histories of the Unexpected: How to Be A Historian (Podcast)!

This has been a good week for me and how-to-do-history podcasts! Not only did I start listening to the Doing History: On Biography series on Ben Franklin's World, but I also found a new podcast all together, Histories of the Unexpected, with BBC History Presenter Dr. Sam Willis & Professor James Daybell. 

The podcast itself is an ADHD History Nerd's absolute dream, with episodes having the sense of a very well-informed free-association chat on themes such as "The Lean" or "Dust." And last year, they did a mini-series on How to Be a Historian, which is, obviously, exactly the kind of podcasts/resources I love coming across! 

EPISODE 41: HOW TO BE A HISTORIAN – EPISODE 1 (This episode goes into what each of the hosts do as historians)

EPISIDE 49: HOW TO BE A HISTORIAN – EPISODE 2  (How they became historians)

EPISODE 50: HOW TO BE A HISTORIAN – EPISODE 3 (How to get your kids into history)

EPISODE 54: HOW TO BE A HISTORIAN – EPISODE 4 (History for Children)

EPISODE 56: HOW TO BE A HISTORIAN – EPISODE 5 (How to choose a subject and start on research)

Episodes 1, 2, & 5 are great insight to the backgrounds, professional lives, and methods of working of two very different types of historians, and I found it to be an excellent listen!

Ben Franklin's World: Doing History: On Biography! (Podcast Series!)

It looks like it's been a few years since I've mentioned the excellent Doing History series on the Ben Franklin's World history podcast, but the host Liz Covart is currently doing season 3: On  Biography, and I am super excited!

It's exciting for me because what little information I can find online that is helpful to me as a self-trained historian is pretty much never about biography, which is probably what most of my work will be (biographies of people and also of communities). I have searched quite a bit online for specific How-To-Do-Biography information, advice, resources, etc, but have always come up empty handed. So I admit to doing so happy flailing when I looked at my History "channel" on my Stitcher (podcast) app and saw see that there was not only more Doing History episodes, but it was exactly what I most wanted to see! So, thank you Liz & the Omohundro Institute! 

Oh, oh, oh. And! Not only does this series exist, which is great, but also the first episode (Episode 209: Considering Biography) even features one of my all-time favorite biographers, the amazing Professor of History & Law at Harvard, Annette Gordon-Reed. She wrote The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family which I listened to while driving across country last year and it just blew me away. The depth of the research, and the way she was able to return to Sally Hemmings the personhood and agency that  has been denied to her in every other work I've read, and while still portraying Jefferson as a real human, without making excuses for him but also without turning him into a caricature villain (I certainly do consider all slave owners villains, but I find it very useful to learn about him in all his complexities and contradictions.)

The series isn't completed yet, but I'll come back and edit in the 4th episode next week. As of now the episodes are:

Episode 209: Considering Biography
Episode 210: Considering John Marshall, Part 1
Episode 211: Considering John Marshall, Part 2


I highly recommend checking them out! :)

Memoir of the Yellow Springs Community

I'm currently reading History of American Socialisms (1870), written by the leader of one of the utopian communities I research (John Humphrey Noyes, Oneida), and the book is built off of a lot of research that a man had done 10+ years prior, as he spent about a decade traveling American and visiting/making notes of various utopian communities. 

He hadn't recorded the name or date of the paper, but he had, in his notes, a newspaper article on the development of the short-lived Yellow Springs community, and Noyes included it in this book. I haven't been able to track down the paper/date either, but I thought this might be of some interest to some of my friends back home in the Dayton, Ohio area, since Yellow Springs is nearby and a super cute little hippy village everyone loves to visit, so I'm just sharing the text here. 

(Holy classism and elitism, batman! I feel like I need to put a content warning on this...)

The narrative here presented," says the unknown writer, " was prepared at the request of a minister who had looked in vain for any account of the Communities established by Robert Owen in this country. It is sim- ply what it pretends to be, reminiscences by one who, while a youth, resided with his parents as a member of the Community at Yellow Springs. For some years together since his manhood, he has been associated with several of the leading men of that experiment, and has through them been informed in relation to both its outer and inner history. The article may contain some errors, as of dates and other matters unimportant to a just view of the Community ; but the social picture will be correct. With the hope that it may convey a useful lesson, it is submitted to the reader. 

Robert Owen, the projector of the Communities at Yellow Springs, Ohio, and New Harmony, Indiana, was the owner of extensive manufactories at New Lanark, Scotland. He was a man of considerable learning, much observation, and full of the love of his fellow men ; though a disbeliever in Christianity. His skep- tical views concerning the Bible were fully announced in the celebrated debate at Cincinnati between himself and Dr. Alexander Campbell. But whatever may have been his faith, he proved his philanthropy by a long life of beneficent works. At his manufactories in Scotland he established a system based on community of labor, which was crowned with the happiest effects. But it should be remembered that Owen himself was the owner of the works, and controlled all things by a single mind. The system, therefore, was only a beneficent scheme of government by a manufacturer, for the good of himself and his operatives. 

Full of zeal for the improvement of society, Owen conceived that he had discovered the cause of most of its evils in the laws of meion et tuum ; and that a state of society where there is nothing mine or thine, would be a paradise begun. He brooded upon the idea of a Community of property, and connected it with schemes for the improvement of society, until he was ready to sacrifice his own property and devote his heart and his life to his fellow men upon this basis. Too discreet to inaugurate the new system among the poorer classes of his own country, whom he found perverted by prejudice and warped by the artificial forms of society there, he resolved to proceed to the United States, and among the comparatively unperverted people, liberal institutions and cheap lands of the West, to establish Communities, founded upon common property, social equality, and the equal value of every man's labor. 

About the year 1824 Owen arrived in Cincinnati. He brought with him a history of his labors at New Lanark ; with glowing and not unjust accounts of the beneficent effects of his efforts there. He exhibited plans for his proposed Communities here ; with model farms, gardens, vineyards, play-grounds, orchards, and all the internal and external appliances of the social paradise. At Cincinnati he soon found many congenial spirits, among the first of whom was Daniel Roe, minister of the " New Jerusalem Church," a society of the followers of Swedenborg. This society was composed of a very superior class of people. They were intelligent, liberal, generous, cultivated men and women — many of them wealthy and highly educated. They were apparently the best possible material to organize and sustain a Community, such as Owen proposed. Mr Roe and many of his congregation became fascinated with Owen and his Communism ; and together with others in the city and elsewhere, soon organized a Community and furnished the means for purchasing an appropriate site for its location. In the meantime Owen proceeded to Harmony, and, with others, purchased that place, with all its buildings, vineyards, and lands, from Rapp, who emigrated to Pennsylvania and established his people at Economy. It will only be added of Owen, that after having seen the New Harmonians fairly established, he returned to Scotland. 

After careful consultation and selection, it was decided by the Cincinnati Community to purchase a domain at Yellow Springs, about seventy-five miles north of the city, [now the site of Antioch College] as the most eligible place for their purpose. It was really one of the most delightful regions in the whole West, and well worthy the residence of a people who had resolved to make many sacrifices for what they honestly believed to be a great social and moral reformation.  

The Community, as finally organized consisted of seventy-five or one hundred families ; and included professional men, teachers, merchants, mechanics, farmers, and a few common laborers. Its economy was nearly as follows :  

The property was held in trust forever, in behalf of the members of the Community, by the original purchasers, and their chosen successors, to be designated from time to time by the voice of the Community. All additional property thereafter to be acquired, by labor, purchase, or otherwise, was to be added to the common stock, for the benefit of each and all. Schools were to be established, to teach all things useful (except religion). Opinion upon all subjects was free ; and the present good of the whole Community was the standard of morals. The Sabbath was a day of rest and recreation, to be improved by walks, rides, plays, and pleasing exercises ; and by public lectures. Dancing was instituted as a most valuable means of physical and social culture ; and the ten-pin alley and other sources of amusement were open to all.  

But although Christianity was wholly ignored in the system, there was no free-loveism or other looseness of morals allowed. In short, this Community began its career under the most favorable auspices ; and if any men and women in the world could have succeeded, these should have done so. How they did succeed, and how they did not, will now be shown.  

 For the first few weeks, all entered into the new system with a will. Service was the order of the day. Men who seldom or never before labored with their hands, devoted themselves to agriculture and the mechanic arts, with a zeal which was at least commendable, though not always according to knowledge. Ministers of the gospel guided the plough ; called the swine to their corn, instead of sinners to repentance ; and let patience have her perfect work over an unruly yoke of oxen. Merchants exchanged the yard-stick for the rake or pitch-fork. All appeared to labor cheerfully for the common weal. Among the women there was even more apparent self-sacrifice. Ladies who had seldom seen the inside of their own kitchens, went into that of the common eating-house (formerly a hotel), and made themselves useful among pots and kettles : and refined young ladies, who had all their lives been waited upon, took their turns in waiting upon others at the table. And several times a week all parties who chose mingled in the social dance, in the great dining-hall. 

But notwithstanding the apparent heartiness and cordiality of this auspicious opening, it was in the social atmosphere of the Community that the first cloud arose. Self-love was a spirit which would not be exorcised. It whispered to the lowly maidens, whose former position in society had cultivated the spirit of meekness — " You are as good as the formerly rich and fortunate ; insist upon your equality." It reminded the favorites of for- mer society of their lost superiority ; and in spite of all rules, tinctured their words and actions with the love of self Similar thoughts and feelings soon arose among the men ; and though not so soon exhibited, they were none the less deep and strong. It is unnecessary to descend to details : suffice it to say, that at the end of three months — three months ! — the leading minds in the Community were compelled to acknowledge to each other that the social life of the Community could not be bounded by a single circle. They therefore acquiesced, but reluctantly, in its division into many little circles. Still they hoped, and many of them no doubt believed, that though social equality was a failure, community of property was not. But whether the law of mine and thine is natural or incidental in human character, it soon began to develop its sway. The industrious, the skillful and the strong, saw the products of their labor enjoyed by the indolent, the unskilled, and the improvident ; and self-love rose against benevolence. A band of musicians insisted that their brassy harmony was as necessary to the common happiness as bread and meat ; and declined to enter the harvest field or the work-shop. A lecturer upon natural science insisted upon talking only, while others worked. Mechanics, whose day's labor brought two dollars into the common stock, in- sisted that they should, in justice, work only half as long as the agriculturist, whose day's work brought but one.  

For a while, of course, these jealousies were only felt ; but they soon began to be spoken also. It was useless to remind all parties that the common labor of all ministered to the prosperity of the Community. Individual happiness was the law of nature, and it could not be obliterated ; and before a single year had passed, this law had scattered the members of that society, which had come together so earnestly and under such favorable circumstances, back into the selfish world from which they came. 

The writer of this sketch has since heard the history of that eventful year reviewed with honesty and earnestness by the best men and most intelligent parties of that unfortunate social experiment. They admitted the favorable circumstances which surrounded its commencement ; the intelligence, devotion, and earnestness which were brought to the cause by its projectors ; and its final, total failure. And they rested ever after in the behef that man, though disposed to philanthropy, is essentially selfish ; and that a community of social equality and common property is impossible. 

Archive.org !!!! Treasure trove of old texts to borrow!

I know I've landed on archive.org's site before, on occasion google has lead me there for a text of an old book/document on there.. but for some reason it's never been a source I regularly check/use.

WHY, THOUGH?

Today for the first time I was lead there to a page that would let me borrow an old, niche-as-heck book that my local libraries don't have and that I was about to have to buy off of AbeBooks.com.

After a couple clicks, LOOK WHAT I FOUND!

These are all borrowable books!

Books I don't have to buy!

Many books I didn't even know existed!

I was so excited! So overwhelmed!

I decided to make some new collections on Wakelet.com to keep track of the stuff I want to read. I made Utopian People, Utopia (General), and Community Biographies.

Hoepfully this will help me from getting too overwhelmed! I'm super excited for all these new books and just wanted to make this post real quick to make note of this exciting new discovery, which probably everyone else already knows about!